{"id":60,"date":"2018-09-25T16:22:52","date_gmt":"2018-09-25T16:22:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/?page_id=60"},"modified":"2021-07-20T14:27:17","modified_gmt":"2021-07-20T14:27:17","slug":"empire-on-railways","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/","title":{"rendered":"Empire on Railways: Great Britain, the U.S., and China"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>Interested in learning about railways, modern empire building, and digital mapmaking at the same time?&nbsp;&nbsp;In this class we will trace how a national railway system came into being in three countries\u2014 Great Britain, the U.S., and China, and how these systems impacted the economic landscapes of Eurasian and American continents. Then we will take one step further, using ArcGIS to translate our book knowledge into creative digital maps. There are no prerequisites required; just bring your curiosity.<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Student Works<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/1-the-southern-pacific-of-mexico_joseph-pham\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"767\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/1-The-Southern-Pacific-of-Mexico_Joseph-Pham-767x1024.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"442\" data-link=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/1-the-southern-pacific-of-mexico_joseph-pham\/\" class=\"wp-image-442\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/1-The-Southern-Pacific-of-Mexico_Joseph-Pham-767x1024.png 767w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/1-The-Southern-Pacific-of-Mexico_Joseph-Pham-225x300.png 225w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/1-The-Southern-Pacific-of-Mexico_Joseph-Pham-768x1026.png 768w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/1-The-Southern-Pacific-of-Mexico_Joseph-Pham.png 1789w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 100vw, 767px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Southern Pacific<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/2-the-kowloon-canton-railway_chunhao-liu\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"752\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/2-The-Kowloon-Canton-Railway_Chunhao-Liu-752x1024.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"443\" data-link=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/2-the-kowloon-canton-railway_chunhao-liu\/\" class=\"wp-image-443\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/2-The-Kowloon-Canton-Railway_Chunhao-Liu-752x1024.png 752w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/2-The-Kowloon-Canton-Railway_Chunhao-Liu-220x300.png 220w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/2-The-Kowloon-Canton-Railway_Chunhao-Liu-768x1046.png 768w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/2-The-Kowloon-Canton-Railway_Chunhao-Liu.png 1822w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 752px) 100vw, 752px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Kowloon-Canton<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/3-foreign-built-railways-in-china_andrew-lee\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"748\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/3-Foreign-Built-Railways-in-China_Andrew-Lee-748x1024.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"444\" data-link=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/3-foreign-built-railways-in-china_andrew-lee\/\" class=\"wp-image-444\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/3-Foreign-Built-Railways-in-China_Andrew-Lee-748x1024.png 748w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/3-Foreign-Built-Railways-in-China_Andrew-Lee-219x300.png 219w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/3-Foreign-Built-Railways-in-China_Andrew-Lee-768x1051.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 748px) 100vw, 748px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Foreign-built Railways<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/4-the-lanzhou-xinjiang-railway_joseph-pham\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"767\" src=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/4-The-Lanzhou-Xinjiang-Railway_Joseph-Pham-1024x767.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"445\" data-link=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/4-the-lanzhou-xinjiang-railway_joseph-pham\/\" class=\"wp-image-445\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/4-The-Lanzhou-Xinjiang-Railway_Joseph-Pham-1024x767.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/4-The-Lanzhou-Xinjiang-Railway_Joseph-Pham-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/4-The-Lanzhou-Xinjiang-Railway_Joseph-Pham-768x575.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Lanzhou-Xinjiang<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/5-the-qinghai-tibet-railway_junting-chen\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/5-The-Qinghai-Tibet-Railway_Junting-Chen-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"446\" data-link=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/5-the-qinghai-tibet-railway_junting-chen\/\" class=\"wp-image-446\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/5-The-Qinghai-Tibet-Railway_Junting-Chen-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/5-The-Qinghai-Tibet-Railway_Junting-Chen-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/5-The-Qinghai-Tibet-Railway_Junting-Chen-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Qinghai-Tibet<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/6-the-chengyun-railway_matthew-delsordo\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/6-The-Chengyun-Railway_Matthew-Delsordo-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"447\" data-link=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/6-the-chengyun-railway_matthew-delsordo\/\" class=\"wp-image-447\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/6-The-Chengyun-Railway_Matthew-Delsordo-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/6-The-Chengyun-Railway_Matthew-Delsordo-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/6-The-Chengyun-Railway_Matthew-Delsordo-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/6-The-Chengyun-Railway_Matthew-Delsordo.png 1728w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Chengyun Railway<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/7-the-atchison-topeka-and-santa-fe-railroad_matthew-delsord\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/7-The-Atchison-Topeka-and-Santa-Fe-Railroad_Matthew-Delsord-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"448\" data-link=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/7-the-atchison-topeka-and-santa-fe-railroad_matthew-delsord\/\" class=\"wp-image-448\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/7-The-Atchison-Topeka-and-Santa-Fe-Railroad_Matthew-Delsord-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/7-The-Atchison-Topeka-and-Santa-Fe-Railroad_Matthew-Delsord-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/7-The-Atchison-Topeka-and-Santa-Fe-Railroad_Matthew-Delsord-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/7-The-Atchison-Topeka-and-Santa-Fe-Railroad_Matthew-Delsord.png 1728w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Atchison Topeka<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/8-the-union-pacific-railroad_chunhao-liu\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/8-The-Union-Pacific-Railroad_Chunhao-Liu-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"449\" data-link=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/8-the-union-pacific-railroad_chunhao-liu\/\" class=\"wp-image-449\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/8-The-Union-Pacific-Railroad_Chunhao-Liu-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/8-The-Union-Pacific-Railroad_Chunhao-Liu-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/8-The-Union-Pacific-Railroad_Chunhao-Liu-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/8-The-Union-Pacific-Railroad_Chunhao-Liu.png 1437w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Union Pacific<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/9-the-northern-pacific-railway_andrew-lee\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/9-The-Northern-Pacific-Railway_Andrew-Lee-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"450\" data-link=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/9-the-northern-pacific-railway_andrew-lee\/\" class=\"wp-image-450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/9-The-Northern-Pacific-Railway_Andrew-Lee-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/9-The-Northern-Pacific-Railway_Andrew-Lee-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/9-The-Northern-Pacific-Railway_Andrew-Lee-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Northern Pacific<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/10-union-pacific_credit-mobilier-scandal_chunhao-liu\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"753\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/10-Union-Pacific_Credit-Mobilier-Scandal_Chunhao-Liu-753x1024.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"451\" data-link=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/10-union-pacific_credit-mobilier-scandal_chunhao-liu\/\" class=\"wp-image-451\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/10-Union-Pacific_Credit-Mobilier-Scandal_Chunhao-Liu-753x1024.png 753w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/10-Union-Pacific_Credit-Mobilier-Scandal_Chunhao-Liu-221x300.png 221w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/10-Union-Pacific_Credit-Mobilier-Scandal_Chunhao-Liu-768x1045.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 753px) 100vw, 753px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Union Pacific II<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/11-shi-jiazhang-and-its-strategic-location\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"663\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/11-Shi-Jiazhang-and-Its-Strategic-Location-663x1024.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"452\" data-link=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/11-shi-jiazhang-and-its-strategic-location\/\" class=\"wp-image-452\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/11-Shi-Jiazhang-and-Its-Strategic-Location-663x1024.png 663w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/11-Shi-Jiazhang-and-Its-Strategic-Location-194x300.png 194w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/11-Shi-Jiazhang-and-Its-Strategic-Location-768x1187.png 768w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/11-Shi-Jiazhang-and-Its-Strategic-Location.png 792w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 663px) 100vw, 663px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Shi Jiazhuang<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/12-the-longhai-railway_jack-zhang\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/12-The-Longhai-Railway_Jack-Zhang-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"453\" data-link=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/12-the-longhai-railway_jack-zhang\/\" class=\"wp-image-453\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/12-The-Longhai-Railway_Jack-Zhang-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/12-The-Longhai-Railway_Jack-Zhang-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/12-The-Longhai-Railway_Jack-Zhang-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Longhai Railway<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/screen-shot-2021-07-19-at-23-51-59-2\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"766\" src=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-23.51.59-2-1024x766.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"728\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-23.51.59-2.png\" data-link=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/screen-shot-2021-07-19-at-23-51-59-2\/\" class=\"wp-image-728\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-23.51.59-2-1024x766.png 1024w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-23.51.59-2-300x224.png 300w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-23.51.59-2-768x574.png 768w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-23.51.59-2.png 1365w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">The Chinese Eastern Railway in the Context of Czarist Russia<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/screen-shot-2021-07-20-at-10-11-32\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"744\" height=\"1011\" src=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-20-at-10.11.32.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"754\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-20-at-10.11.32.png\" data-link=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/screen-shot-2021-07-20-at-10-11-32\/\" class=\"wp-image-754\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-20-at-10.11.32.png 744w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-20-at-10.11.32-221x300.png 221w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 744px) 100vw, 744px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">HSR in China (2020)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-4 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/screen-shot-2021-07-19-at-21-07-25-1\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"578\" src=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-21.07.25-1-1024x578.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"738\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-21.07.25-1.png\" data-link=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/screen-shot-2021-07-19-at-21-07-25-1\/\" class=\"wp-image-738\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-21.07.25-1-1024x578.png 1024w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-21.07.25-1-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-21.07.25-1-768x433.png 768w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-21.07.25-1.png 1436w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Major Railroads in the Second Sino-Japanese War<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-5 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/screen-shot-2021-07-19-at-20-59-35\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"586\" src=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-20.59.35-1024x586.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"730\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-20.59.35.png\" data-link=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/screen-shot-2021-07-19-at-20-59-35\/\" class=\"wp-image-730\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-20.59.35-1024x586.png 1024w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-20.59.35-300x172.png 300w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-20.59.35-768x440.png 768w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-20.59.35.png 1417w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">The Transcontinental Railroad in American Native Land<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-6 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/screen-shot-2021-07-19-at-20-55-31\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-20.55.31-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"731\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-20.55.31.png\" data-link=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/screen-shot-2021-07-19-at-20-55-31\/\" class=\"wp-image-731\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-20.55.31-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-20.55.31-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-20.55.31-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-20.55.31.png 1439w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">The Berlin-Baghdad Railroad 1899-1940<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-7 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/screen-shot-2021-07-19-at-20-50-14\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-20.50.14-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"732\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-20.50.14.png\" data-link=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/screen-shot-2021-07-19-at-20-50-14\/\" class=\"wp-image-732\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-20.50.14-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-20.50.14-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-20.50.14-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-20.50.14.png 1398w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Railways and Immigration, 1865-1914<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-8 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/screen-shot-2021-07-19-at-20-44-13-1\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"770\" src=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-20.44.13-1-1024x770.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"733\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-20.44.13-1.png\" data-link=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/screen-shot-2021-07-19-at-20-44-13-1\/\" class=\"wp-image-733\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-20.44.13-1-1024x770.png 1024w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-20.44.13-1-300x226.png 300w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-20.44.13-1-768x577.png 768w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-20.44.13-1.png 1197w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">The Integration of High-Speed Railways &amp; Airline in Lower Yangzi Region<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-9 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/screen-shot-2021-07-19-at-20-35-20\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"883\" height=\"499\" src=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-20.35.20.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"734\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-20.35.20.png\" data-link=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/screen-shot-2021-07-19-at-20-35-20\/\" class=\"wp-image-734\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-20.35.20.png 883w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-20.35.20-300x170.png 300w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-20.35.20-768x434.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 883px) 100vw, 883px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Railway and Iran&#8217;s International Connections and Communication<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 wp-block-gallery-10 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/screen-shot-2021-07-20-at-09-27-58\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"698\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-20-at-09.27.58-698x1024.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"735\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-20-at-09.27.58.png\" data-link=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/screen-shot-2021-07-20-at-09-27-58\/\" class=\"wp-image-735\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-20-at-09.27.58-698x1024.png 698w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-20-at-09.27.58-204x300.png 204w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-20-at-09.27.58.png 725w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 698px) 100vw, 698px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Gauge Wars on the Grand Trunk 1861<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-11 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/screen-shot-2021-07-19-at-23-46-41-1\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\" src=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-23.46.41-1-1024x575.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"751\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-23.46.41-1.png\" data-link=\"http:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/empire-on-railways\/attachment\/screen-shot-2021-07-19-at-23-46-41-1\/\" class=\"wp-image-751\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-23.46.41-1-1024x575.png 1024w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-23.46.41-1-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-23.46.41-1-768x431.png 768w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-23.46.41-1-1536x862.png 1536w, https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-19-at-23.46.41-1.png 1914w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Deportation to Extermination Camps by Rail in Western and Central Europe &#8211; 1942<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Interested in learning about railways, modern empire building, and digital mapmaking at the same time?&nbsp;&nbsp;In this class we will trace how a national railway system came into being in three countries\u2014 Great Britain, the U.S., and China, and how these systems impacted the economic landscapes of Eurasian and American continents. Then we will take one [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-60","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/60","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60"}],"version-history":[{"count":29,"href":"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/60\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":763,"href":"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/60\/revisions\/763"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhang.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/mapping\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}